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Eco-towns are a government-sponsored programme of new towns to be built in England, which are intended to achieve exemplary standards of sustainability. In 2007, the Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) announced a competition to build up to 10 eco-towns.〔(BBC article on Gordon Brown's eco-towns announcement )〕 The proposals received support from organisations such as the Town and Country Planning Association but have also attracted controversy and scepticism (see for example Manns 2008).〔Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research: Manns, J. P. ''People, Place & Policy'', 2:3, 2008, pp.132-139, (Extra.shu.ac.uk )〕 Initially over fifty eco-town bids were suggested, many of them modified versions of existing housing scheme proposals.〔(BBC announcement ) retrieved 11 April 2008〕 The eco-town concept and initial locations were subject to consultation by Communities and Local Government ending on 30 June 2008. A new Planning Policy Statement was prepared and published on 16 July 2009, describing the standards that eco-towns will have to meet,〔(CLG standards )〕 after a consultation period that ended on 30 April 2009.〔(Eco-towns: Living a greener future - consultation paper - Housing - Communities and Local Government )〕〔(Communities.gov.uk )〕 By 2012, only four sites have been approved, with none completed.〔Bethany Hubbard: ("What has happened to the UK’s eco-towns?" ) in ''Ecologist'', 2 April 2012〕 ==Objectives== The eco-towns programme was intended to offer the opportunity to achieve high standards of sustainable living while also maximising the potential for affordable housing.〔("Eco-towns Prospectus", published by the Department of Communities and Local Government, 23 July 2007 )〕 Some 30% to 40% of housing in each eco-town is to be allocated as affordable, and made available to the thousands currently on the local housing waiting lists. The largest will provide up to 20,000 new homes, with officials saying the towns should be "zero-carbon" developments and should be exemplary in one area of sustainability, such as energy production or waste disposal. The new environmentally-friendly towns - low-energy, carbon-neutral developments built from recycled materials - are intended to be largely car-free, with pedestrian and cycle-friendly environments.〔 The towns will need to adhere to strict development criteria which were developed by the Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) through 'worksheets' as advice to promoters and planners. The following were published - transport, community development, waste management, green infrastructure and water cycle management, and could be accessed from the (TCPA website ). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eco-towns」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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